A Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) is a required, structured process used to understand the purpose or “function” of a challenging behavior. Instead of assuming why a behavior happens, an FBA gathers real data through observation, interviews, and analysis of what happens before (antecedent) and after (consequence) the behavior.

The goal of an FBA is to determine what the child is trying to achieve through the behavior—such as gaining access to something, avoiding a task, seeking attention, or fulfilling a sensory need. Once the function is known, therapists can design a plan to teach a more appropriate and functional skill that meets the same need.

An accurate FBA is the foundation of any effective behavior intervention plan and ensures that treatment is ethical, individualized, and based on real evidence rather than assumptions or guesswork.

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• A child hits a sibling whenever they want access to a toy → the function is “access to tangible items.”
  
• A child runs away when asked to start homework → the function is “escape from a difficult task.”
• A child screams when overwhelmed by noise → the function is “sensory regulation.”

Understanding why a behavior occurs is essential for replacing it with a safer, more functional alternative. FBAs reduce challenging behaviors by addressing the underlying need—not just the behavior itself.

When teams intervene based on function, progress is faster, more humane, and more sustainable.

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