Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition characterized by differences in communication, social interaction, and behavior. It includes a broad range of presentations and support needs, which is why it is referred to as a “spectrum.”

ASD is diagnosed using standardized clinical criteria outlined in the DSM-5. These criteria are based on observed behaviors and detailed descriptions of developmental history. Diagnosis is performed by qualified professionals, such as developmental pediatricians, psychologists, or multidisciplinary teams.

Signs of ASD may include challenges in back-and-forth conversations, differences in nonverbal communication, difficulty developing relationships, sensory processing differences, and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Each individual presents uniquely, and strengths are as important to recognize as challenges.

‍

• A child may have difficulty maintaining eye contact or understanding social cues.
  
• A child may have strong interests in specific topics or engage in repetitive behaviors like lining up toys.
• A child may prefer routines and become distressed when plans change unexpectedly.

‍

Understanding ASD allows families to access the right supports and interventions early. Early diagnosis is key, as research shows that beginning therapy during early brain development leads to stronger long-term outcomes.

Recognizing ASD traits also helps caregivers, educators, and clinicians create supportive environments—focusing on communication, autonomy, sensory needs, and meaningful daily skills.

‍